Gordofobia: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the production of knowledge about Fatphobia by investigating for the main implications of this practice. Method: Scope Review Study, a method that allows the search for relevant concepts and scientific evidence that underlies a research area using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) international protocol. The research question was: What scientific evidence is conveyed about prejudice against the obese? (Population: obese people, concept: prejudice; and context: social). Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) indexed descriptors were used: obesity, fatphobia, prejudice, stereotype, exclusion, social discrimination, social isolation, social violence; psychosocial impacts, social representations, quality of life, perceived discrimination, suicide. Results: The final sample has comprised 76 papers, published from 2017 to 2022; the highest percentage of studies in 2021 (23.6%), English language in 75.0% of the publications and quantitative studies were used (50.0%). The main study area was nutrition (30.3%). The studies were categorized into two thematic units: the first, fatphobia and stigma, with six categories of analysis (work, education, laws and policies, media, health services and society/social relationships) representing 82.9% of the classified studies. The second, Fatphobia and its implications for health, with four categories of analysis (depression, inhibitory control, social isolation/social exclusion and suicidal ideation/suicide) representing 17.1% of the studies included in the thematic unit. It is observed that 28.9% of the studies are in the health services category of analysis and, in general, account for the target population, The main gaps in knowledge are the improvement of access to multidisciplinary treatment, discussions on the subject with those involved, creation of more specific laws to curb such practice, creation of strategies to fight obesity and, in the case of the nutrition professional, the creation of an ethical code of conduct with the class council to protect the obese individual from dignified treatment and punish the professional who practices unethical and Fatphobic acts. Conclusion: Obesity is the greatest public health challenge, which has been faced with the stimulus of changes in behavioral habits. This discourse related to health has been approached according to a prejudiced view full of stigmas justified by means of health, and along with this challenge, Fatphobia grows. The social impact by subsidizing the development of public policies and diagnosing the main implications of the practice of Fatphobia are important to also promote the identification of the main gaps about knowledge on this theme.