Avaliação de polimorfismos de genes metabolizadores de xenobióticos em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço

Abstract

Some individuals may be present increased risk of developing cancer due to differences in biometabolism. Polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes, such as family members of Cytochrome P450 (CYP), of Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs) and Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase (mEH) show association with the carcinogenesis of head and neck. Objective: Identify the frequency of genes polymorphisms CYP1A1 (CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C), CYP2E1 (CYP2E1*5B and CYP2E*6), GSTT1 (null genotype), GSTM1 (null genotype), GSTP1 (A313G and C341T) and mEH (Tyr113His and His139Arg) in patients with head and neck cancer and in individuals with no cancer history (controls), to identify susceptibility biomarkers of this type of cancer. Methods: included 1,100 individuals, 375 patients with pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck cancer and 725 controls. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, alcohol and tobacco, the occurrence primary site and progression of tumor. Genotyping of polymorphisms was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction - Length Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment (PCR-RFLP), Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR) and multiplex PCR. Datas were evaluated by chi-square, univariate and multiple logistic regression. Results: Advanced age, smoking habits and alcohol consumption were predictors for the development of the head and neck tumors. The polymorphisms CYP2E1*5B (CYP2E1-PstI) and GSTP1 A313G were associated with this disease in univariable analysis. In multirariable analysis the interaction among CYP1A1*2C polymorphism with the female gender (OR= 0.10; 95% CI=0.01-0.72; p< 0.05) and alcohol no-habit (OR= 0.21; 95% CI=0.07-0.67; p< 0.05), mEH His139Arg and alcohol habit (OR= 0.49; 95% CI=0.27-0.90; p< 0.05), CYP2E1* 5B and habits tobacco and alcohol and ≥49 age (OR = 4.10; CI 95% 2.44-6.89; p < 0.001; OR = 1.93; CI 95% 1.18-3.16; p=0.0084; OR=9,10; CI 95% 5,86-14,14; p< 0,001, respectively) and GSTP1 A313G and tobacco and alcohol habits, ≥48 agea and male gender (OR=4.21; IC 95% 2.71-6.55; p<0.0001; OR=1.65; IC 95% 1.07-2.55; p=0.023; OR=12.37; IC 95% 7.89-19.38; p<0.0001, respectively); decrease the head and neck cancer risk; while CYP1A1*2A and tobacco and alcohol no-habits (OR= 2.84; 95% CI=1.01-7.97; p< 0.05; OR= 2.43; 95% CI=1.00-5.87; p< 0.05, respectively) increase this risk. The CYP2E1*5B polymorphism and tobacco no-habit (OR= 3.75; 95% CI=1.25-11.23; p< 0.05) also increases the risk for this disease. Showed high frequency of the polymorphisms CYP1A1*2C (OR= 2.48; 95% CI=1.00-6.20; p < 0.05) GSTT1 (OR= 3.35; 95% CI=1.67-6.72; p < 0.05) in patients group with primary tumors of larynx; while those who have the pharynx as the primary site GSTT1 (OR=0.29; 95% CI=0.12-0.71; p < 0.05) was less frequent. CYP1A1*2A (CYP1A1-MspI) polymorphism was associated with lymph node involvement and increased risk for cancer (OR =2.45; 95% CI= 1.07-5.64). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that the interaction between polymorphisms in genes that encode enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and the demographic and risk factors may modulate the development of head and neck cancer.