Aposentadoria e qualidade de vida: estudo entre trabalhadores de município paulista

Abstract

Retirement preparation programs are multiplying in work environments throughout Brazil and occupy the top-level agenda in private companies and public sector bodies, especially among managers of Occupational Health, Human Resources and Service Social. The observation of the increase in life expectancy and the real possibility of living many years after the effective absence from work reveals that the search is for quality of life in this period of human existence. The “quality of life” can be evaluated through indicators such as: physical, financial health or bodily independence and can be previously indicated through the evaluation of certain behaviors in the period before retirement. Objective: to evaluate predictors of quality of life in retirement and topics of interest in a retirement preparation program among municipal civil servants in a small city in São Paulo. Method: Descriptive exploratory research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee CAAE: 30676120.9.0000.5415, Parecer 3,992,801 involving 64 workers from the municipality who consented to participate, aged 40 years onwards, applying a form in the form of a questionnaire to those with higher education and as an interview for others. The form included: sociodemographic data, lifestyle; morbidity, health care and post-retirement expectations. Statistical analysis was performed by univariate and correlational analysis, with a significance level of 95% (p ≤ 0.05), in addition to multivariate analysis, through cluster analysis and multiple correspondence (AMC) in which the variables were included. with p≤0.10 or that was deemed necessary due to the contribution character found in the literature. Results: the data obtained showed approximately: 73% women; secondary or higher educational background (57%); income of up to 3 minimum wages (70%); practiced physical activity (50%), sleep/rest time longer than six hours per night (84%); did not smoke; (92%), did not consume alcohol frequently (56%); reported eating well (64%), ingesting sugar in a moderate way (63%); reported drinking about a liter of water per day (44%); used continuous medications (41%); remained seated for more than 5 hours a day (59%); they did not seek medical assistance frequently (43%); had two or more signs of stress (65%); had a positive image of retirement (50%); owned their own home (70%); only job in the city hall (76%); understood that retirement income will be lower than the current income (56%); did not invest in private pension; do not keep money (84%); they felt ready to leave their jobs (84%); reported having an expense greater than income (70%); they had no other source of income (62%), no money saved (76%). Conclusions: the data obtained in this research can contribute to the implementation of retirement preparation programs in the studied city and other labor sectors. They should also alert workers about planning for retirement, considering productive post-career activities, their health, formation of a professional and family legacy, financial balance, social interactions and a better quality of life.