Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: características de personalidade e aspectos psicossociais

Abstract

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs) are a public health problem and adherence to their treatment is only 20%. It has a strong impact on the individual's quality of life and many variables such as gender, age and personality traits can interfere with the demand for and adherence to treatment. Objective: Evaluate personality traits, quality of life, anxiety, depression and optimism in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who attend a SUS service center Methodology: This is a descriptive / cross-sectional study. A total of 60 patients participated in the study: 30 participants with a diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and 30 individuals to form the control group, that is, absence of any chronic disease. Adults aged 18-60 years of both sexes, who attend a SUS service center and were randomly selected. To collect data, we used: Identification Card, Palographic Test, WHOQOL-Bref, Life Orientation Test (TOV-R) and Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The data were organized in an Excel spreadsheet, and later released in the BioEstat program (version 5.3). The general comparison of the results obtained in the two groups investigated was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: a greater number of female participants were observed in both groups; in addition, a large difference was observed in the level of schooling, since in the research group the incomplete secondary education prevailed and in the other group it was divided in the same proportion between participants with complete high school and complete superior, with regard to the ingestion of alcoholic beverages there was no difference between the groups, the research group presents a greater number of smokers than the control group, in the question of pain, it is verified that in the group the percentage of participants who report feeling some type of pain is relatively higher when compared to the other group. A higher level of anxiety is observed in the control group and in the research group a higher level of depression, however, the degree of optimism between the two groups does not present difference. It is noticed that the quality of life in the control group has a percentage better evaluated than in the research group. The results obtained in the palatal test show a statistically significant difference only in the indexes of productivity, distance between the lines and left margin indicating a higher score in the control group. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference in most of the instruments used in relation to both groups, however, in the qualitative evaluation it is noticeable that the research group presents characteristics of greater impulsivity, emotivity and depression. More research investments in the area are needed to investigate the role of personality in controlling diabetes.