Qualidade de vida e nível de atividade física em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em hospital referência no interior de São Paulo

Abstract

Obesity is a metabolic and/or genetic chronic disease associated to excessive body fat that can initiate several pathologies provoking lost years of life due to incapacitation, and increasing the risk of death. Currently, Bariatric Surgery is one of the therapeutic options mostly used to sustained weight loss in morbid obese individuals, complementing the practice of other therapies to control weight and comorbidities associated to excessive adiposity. Besides inducing a long-term sustained ponderal loss, this surgical procedure also provides an improvement in the individual’s metabolism, as well as it favors psychosocial well-being. Objectives: To evaluate the life quality and the physical activity level in patients submitted to Bariatric Surgery, in the pre and postoperative periods. Casuistic and Methods: 35 patients consecutively submitted to Bariatric Surgery were studied, prospectively, in the pre and postoperative period, being 8 (22.8%) male, and 27 (77.1%) female, with an average age of 44.09 ± 9.72 years. In order to evaluate the quality of life, two instruments were applied the WHOQOL-BREF and the SF-36, in the pre and postoperative of patients submitted to Bariatric Surgery. To evaluate the physical activity level we used the instrument IPAQ. Results: The Body Mass Index (BMI) of the 35 patients, in the pre and postoperative period showed significant difference with and average decline from 46.5 to 30.30kg/m2 (average loss of 35%of BMI). The results of the application of the instrument WHOQOL-BREF show that the four domains, Psychological, Environmental, Social Relations, and Physical, had significant differences between the pre and postoperative periods of the Bariatric Surgery. The eight domains, Functional, Limitation, Pain, Emotional, Vitality, Social, Mental Health, and General Health State, present in the SF-36 Questionnaire, also had significant differences between the pre and postoperative periods of the Bariatric Surgery; however, there was no statistical difference between the genders. The IPAQ showed changes in the patient’s quality of health between the preoperative period, which concentrated in the bad and regular categories, and postoperative periods, which progressed to categories very good and excellent. The physical activity level showed that in the preoperative period the 2 (5.7%) patients were considered active. However, in the postoperative period, from the 23 (65.7%) patients that practiced physical activity, 19 (54.3%) reached the active level, and the other 4 (11.4%) were classified as inactive. Conclusions: According to the two evaluation instruments for the quality of life, the obese patients submitted to the Bariatric Surgery presented subjective improvement in the quality of life after the surgery. The physical activity level improved after the surgery, and it could have suffered influence, regarding the clarifying information patients received in the preoperative period concerning the importance of physical exercises.