Nova postura do enfermeiro para detecção da depressão no ciclo gravídico puerperal e fatores de risco associados

Abstract

In the puerperal period may occur growing incidence of depressive behavior that could be diagnosed. as psychiatric disorders The identification of risk factors for depression mainly postpartum is essential to have a higher prevalence of mental disorders. Objectives: The objective was to identify risk factors for depression in the puerperal period in women assisted by a nurse in Primary Care Family Health, considering: 1-knowledge of nurses about depression during pregnancy and postpartum, 2-if your actions service to promote prenatal detection of depressive behavior and associated risk factors and 3-examine the application of Edinburgh Post-Natal Depression Scale (EPDS) by nurse for identification of depressive symptoms; 4 - preparation of proposed nursing care that promote comprehensive care to women in the puerperal period from the detection of manifestations of depressive behavior and associated risk factors. Casuistic and Method: We studied 9 nurses working in 5 UBSF São Jose do Rio Preto, SP, and 35 mothers registered UBSF those who were in the period between 45 to 90 days postpartum and 180 postpartum, a second time. Data collection was done with a questionnaire given to nurses with open questions and other questionnaire administered to mothers that included socio-economic, demographic, psychosocial, obstetric and postnatal. To verify a possible association between risk factors and depressive symptoms was used Fisher's exact test. Results: The main risk factors for depression in mothers included unplanned pregnancy (71.4%), psychiatric illness in the family (57%) and low self-esteem (54.2%). A significant association between depressive symptoms and previous abortion (p = 0.02), troubled pregnancy (p = 0.03), fear of dying in childbirth (p = 0.01) and low self-esteem (p = 0.004). With the EPDS scale, was identified in 13 postpartum positive score. Conclusions: The knowledge and actions of the nurses in this study do not provide conditions for identification of behavior disorders in women during pregnancy and postpartum, The use of EPDS by nurse allowed identification of depressive symptoms in puerperae. The use of this scale by this professional must be stimulated in the gravidic-puerperal cycle. The proposal of care with contents for training of nurses in the detection of depressive behavior and associated risk factors in the gravidic-puerperal cycle is necessary and its application is feasible.