Avaliação dos resultados da internação por infarto agudo do miocárdio na estação inverno

Abstract

The cold climate can cause cardiovascular diseases such as infarction, angina, ischemia and arrhythmia, in addition to cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke. It is estimated that when the thermometers reach marks below 14 ° C, it can cause an increase of up to 7% in the risk of having a heart attack. This is caused by nerve receptors in the skin that feel low temperatures, stimulating the release of catecholamines, which are responsible for constricting blood vessels, increasing blood pressure and can lead to the rupture of atheromatous plaques. Objectives: To verify whether low temperatures correlate with the incidence of acute myocardial infarction and mortality; to verify if there was a correlation between changes in meteorological variables and the incidence of AMI. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, carried out through medical records of patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, seen at a Coronary Unit of a teaching hospital in the interior of the State of São Paulo. Data collection was performed by the hospital's database, using the MVPEP Operational System, from June to September 2018. For analysis, the collected information was submitted to statistical analysis with the aid of the SPSS for Windows version 16.0 program. . The results of the nominal variables were expressed through frequency analysis and the results of the continuous variables by the mean ± standard deviation. Results: After assessing changes in meteorological variables and correlations with acute myocardial infarction, the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction was identified regardless of climatic variations. The only relevant factors were the specialized care correctly, the reason for discharge, either due to improvement or death, the specific hospitalization unit, the length of stay in the care unit and the heart rate. Conclusion: There was no association between temperature and mortality from AMI in our study. The research shows evidence only regarding the specialty, the service, the length of stay in the ICU and the heart rate, these being the factors that interfered in the outcome of the AMI. The study's contribution to the advancement of scientific knowledge is the onset of AMI, most likely at temperatures close to or below 0 ° C. The risk for AMI from 3-4 ° C is much lower. The social impact, provided by the study, is that the Cardiovascular System is more susceptible to complications at low temperatures and the elderly over 60 years of age are the most sensitive group.