Aspectos associados à gravidez na adolescência

Abstract

Special attention should be pointed out to the adolescence phase since it comprises several experiences concerning physical, biological, mental, social and emotional developments. Although biologically empowered for reproduction, adolescents are not yet emotionally prepared for sexual practice and parenting. In São José do Rio Preto-SP, the pregnancy indicator in adolescence is above average in several Primary Health Care Units (PHCs) and strategies to reduce these indicators are necessary. Objective: To identify the socioeconomic and obstetric adolescent pregnant profile attending Primary Health Care Units (PHCs) and to analyze the pregnancy in adolescence associated aspects. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach performed with 100 pregnant adolescents attending the Primary Health Care Units (PHCs) in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil, through a semi-structured interview and a Socioeconomic Assessment Instrument. Descriptive statistical analyzes were performed with absolute numbers, percentages, central tendency and variability measures and correlational statistical analyzes (Pearson and Odds Ratio) using the SPSS Statistics software (version 19.0), linked to Excel tool features. Results: The mean age of adolescents was 17.45 years old, 68.0% were not studying, 65.0% were married or in a stable union and 79.0% were not working. The first sexual intercourse occurred on average at 14.46 years, 70.0% were not using contraception when they became pregnant, although 99.0% knew some method, 100.0% sought care at the health unit when they discovered gestation and 91.0% became pregnant with a fixed partner. Non-continuity of studies was associated with adolescent pregnant aged 15 to 19 years, married or in stable union status, lower salary ranges, first relation between 15 and 19 years, support during pregnancy, fixed partner and stable relationship. Conclusion: It is verified that socioeconomic, demographic variables, sexual and reproductive life, relationship and support after childbirth interfere in the continuity of the studies of adolescent pregnant. The girl’s empowerment and life projects development are needed, which can provide both work and study.