Estado nutricional de pacientes com lesão por pressão

Abstract

Inadequate nutrition is often associated with the loss of the damping effect of fat mass on bone prominence, physical weakness, dehydration and edema. It also reduces skin resistance, mobility and impairs the immune system, which contributes to the development of pressure injuries. Adequate dietary intake and assessment of food intake are significant preventive factors for LPP development. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the nutritional profile of patients with pressure injury and the relationship between nutritional parameters and the occurrence of pressure injuries in hospitalized and outpatient patients. Material and methods: In the first stage of the study, patients were monitored at home by teams of Family Health of São José do Rio Preto. In the second stage, the patient was evaluated at the Base Hospital and at the Wound Dressing and Wound Clinic of the Base Hospital. Where all patients were bedridden and had pressure injuries. Results: The majority had LPP stage 2, followed by stage 3 and 4. By ANSG 50% were considered at nutritional risk and the other 50% with malnutrition. According to the anthropometric indicators, 16.7% were eutrophic, 25% were at nutritional risk and 58.3% were undernourished. The patients ingested 1465.3 ± 459 (SD) calories / day and 54.1 + 26.9 (SD) g protein / day. In the second stage of the study, a prospective study was carried out in a school hospital and in the outpatient clinic of the same institution of São José do Rio Preto - SP, totaling 30 patients with pressure injury independent of the evolution stage. There was a predominance of LPP stage 3 (14 patients - 46.67%), with most lesions in the sacral region (24-80.00%), followed by trochanter (8- 26.67%). LPP predominated in female subjects (P <0.04). There were significant correlations between the total number of lesions and the BMI (P <0.04); subscapular skin fold (P <0.04) and sum of cutaneous folds (P <0.04). Conclusion: A poor nutritional status seems to be directly associated with the presence of LPP and, associated with other aggravating factors, is a risk factor for development.