Qualidade de vida de idosos com doença renal crônica em tratamento de hemodiálise

Abstract

Introduction: Brazil is facing a rapid and sharp decline in fertility rates, combined with the decrease in mortality, caused an aging process. And the progressive increase in chronic diseases, among these diseases Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), renal replacement therapy, which generate greater impact on quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. Objectives: To evaluate the QOL of elderly patients with CKD on hemodialysis using KDQOOL-SFTM questionnaire and characterize the elderly with sociodemographic questionnaire. Methods: Quantitative studies, descriptive interviewed 132 elderly on hemodialysis. The data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire and specific QOL KDQOOL- SFTM and validated, and analyzed by descriptive statistics with calculation of mean, median, standard deviation and coefficient of variation and by using the Mann-Whitney tests , Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison test of reliability with Cronbach's alpha. The literature survey was conducted through consultation of articles published in PubMed and MEDLINE sites. Results: The study was based on analysis of 132 elderly patients treated by application of the instrument that assesses QOL of renal patients undergoing dialysis treatment. Patient age averaged 70.8 years with a standard deviation of 7.5 years and a median of 69 years. The areas which had higher scores are those that are linked to improved QOL. Considering the cut-off value of 50 points, the positive domains are: support dialysis staff, patient satisfaction, quality of social interaction, effects of CKD, symptoms / problems, quality of sleep and cognitive function. Negative domains, which showed mean values below 50, are: influence of physical, emotional influence, physical function, and influence of CKD, social support, general health, pain, energy / fatigue, and job status. Patient gender did not significantly influence the QOL domains assessed, since the P values were higher than the level of significance adopted for the test. The results show the presence of significant differences in domain scores influence of renal disease (P = 0.007) and quality of social interaction (P = 0.013), whereas the P values were less than 0.050. The influence of the physical CKD patients is lower in patients with DM, those with hypertension or hypertension / DM the influence of CKD is higher in the physical. The social function also showed significant differences, indicating lower quality social function for patients with hypertension / DM. Elderly people with diabetes or hypertension had higher quality regarding the social function domain. Treatment is influencing factor on the QOL of elderly evaluated against the influence domain of CKD (P = 0.038). Elderly patients over one year of treatment have better QoL in relation to the influence of renal disease Conclusion: The assessment of QOL of the elderly on hemodialysis is important for the design of activities to be provided and for the formulation of interventions that prioritize aspects affected the QOL of each senior, and maintenance of those questions that have no commitment.