Ocorrência de fungos patogênicos em leito hospitalar e interferência química de agentes desinfetantes

Abstract

Fungal diseases have increased recently these years in many parts of the world and in different health care settings, being attributed to several factors, inherent or not to the patient, such as increased aggressive therapeutic practices, previous exposure to antifungals, and diseases or immunosuppressive drugs. These morbidities arise in the hospital as nosocomial infections, being the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The high rates of hospital or nosocomial infection may be associated with limitated physical and therapeutic resources, or insufficient investment in training programs, implementation and control of CCIHs, and limited number of health workers. Such factors corroborate greater demands on health services, associated to the lack of qualified professionals and the deficiency in the cleaning and disinfection of environments. Studies has shown that busy environment by infected or colonized patients by resistant microorganisms, constitutes a risk factor for maintaining this colonization or infection of these patients, subsequent and team. Objective: Analyze the occurrence of pathogenic fungi in a hospital bed and the chemical interference of disinfectants.Results: in 74 mattresses reviews of a public hospital, there was growth of yeasts in 28 (38.2%), 19 (67.9%) before and 9 (32.1%) after cleaning and disinfection. In particular hospital, in 25 mattresses reviewed there was growth of Candida spp.in 15 (60.0%), being 10 (66.7%) of them before and 5 (33.3%) after cleaning / disinfection. Both hospitals showed occurrence of Candida spp. before and after terminal cleaning, the prevalented species was C. parapsilos. Conclusion: The persistence of Candida spp. in both hospital mattresses, after disinfection, demonstrates that the process is flawed, and that mattresses can serve as reservoirs or fungal vectors potentially pathogenic, representing a cross risk of acquiring infection for the patient to professionals and as contamination of surfaces in hospitals. It is necessary to reassess the techniques used for disinfection of mattresses, adoption of new measures, such as the pre-cleaning or the use of a detergent / disinfectant to carry out the process of cleaning and disinfection in one step, definition of roles, investments in training, supplies and supervision, in both of the team responsible for the procedure, and the nursing staff, in an attempt to reduce the prevalence of these findings, thus ensuring a microbiologically safe to the patient and to all involved in the care environment.