Atividade física e relação com fatores de risco cardiovascular e diabetes mellitus tipo 2: estudo epidemiológico

Abstract

Introduction: The prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of mortality in developed countries and in Bazil; include non-pharmacological measures, among them physical activity.Objective: This paper aims at evaluating the prevalence of sedentarism among adults of São José do Rio Preto, medium-sized city in the northwest of state of São Paulo, Brazil, analyzing the relation among sedentary lifestyle, demographics data and cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, metabolic syndrome, obesity (BMI), lipidemias and glucose. Method: A population-based cross-sectional study with process of simple and stratified random sampling to estimate the prevalence of sedentarism in the population of São José do Rio Preto (2004-2005) by linking physical activity to demographic data, gender, socioeconomic status, education, age and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and DM2. 1717 adults have been interviewed according to their age. Respondents have answered a standardized questionnaire with demographic data on record and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (short version), and they were classified into active or sedentary. Health conditions have also been evaluated, as well as prior knowledge of the level of blood pressure (BP) and other diseases. BP measurement was performed and anthropometric data as verified (weight, height and waist circumference). Blood samples have been collected for biochemical, glucose and lipids tests. Results: the prevalence of sedentary individuals in the general population was 65.8% (71.2% in women and 60.1% in men) (p = 0.003). In the age groups, significant differences have been found between genders. The prevalence of sedentarismoccursin women from18 to 39 years old and in the ones over≥ 70, with no difference between genders in other age groups. In case of less educated individuals, the prevalence of sedentary was 69.5% and in case of highly educated individuals it was 60.2% (p.=0.023) Concerning social class, it has been found that 58% of people from upper classes and 69,7% from middle class were sedentary (p = 0.03.). There were not any differences regarding BMI. The prevalence of hypertension in sedentary people was 27.5% and 21.4% in assets. (p=0.04). The prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was 26.1% in sedentary and 16.7% in active people. (P = 0.007).Total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides were higher in the sedentary group, but not in the HDL. Blood glucose was also high in sedentary people. Conclusion: This study shows that the rate of sedentarism is high in all age groups and even higher in women. Moreover, it shows differences in the prevalence between socioeconomic and educational levels, as well as clear relationship between sedentarism and risk factors for CVD, DM2.