Complicações da derivação portossistêmica transjugular intra-hepática (TIPS) na hemorragia digestiva por hipertensão portal: experiência de 12 anos

Abstract

Introduction: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a non-surgical treatment option with low morbidity and mortality, can be realized in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction, minimally invasive surgery that aims to decompress the portal system treating or reducing the complications portal hypertension. Objective: To analyze survival, and overall early mortality related to the etiology of the disease, characterization of the procedure in the emergency or elective and Child-Pugh and MELD classification and analyze the complications presented by patients. Methods: A retrospective study in the database of medical records of patients with cirrhosis who underwent TIPS for treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension who have not responded to medical treatment and endoscopic treatment from 1998 to 2010 in the Department of Liver Transplantation, Hospital de Base and Faculty Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto. To check the rate of mortality, survival and complications were excluded patients who have failed the technical procedure and the others were followed until the closure of the study, performing a liver transplant or death occurred. The study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. Results: The sample consisted of 72 (84.7%) patients who were successful in the procedure of which 57 (79.2%) were male, mean age 47.4 years (between 16 and 85 years, SD=13), 21(29.2%) patients had a cause excessive consumption of alcohol, 21(29.2%) to contamination by hepatitis virus, 16(22.2%) excessive alcohol consumption associated with virus and 14(19.4%) patients had other causes. Procedure was performed on an emergency basis in 37(51.4%) and electively in 35(48.6%). The initial classification, 14 (20%) had Child-Pugh A, 33 (47.1%) Child-Pugh B and 23 (32.9%) Child-Pugh C. MELD was initially obtained in 68 patients, 37 (54.4%) with more than 15 points, while 31 (45.6%) up to 15 points. Early death occurred in 19 (26.4%). Overall mortality occurred in 41(60.3%). Conclusion: There was no difference regarding the etiology of early mortality, mortality and survival and overall mortality rate of patients undergoing emergency TIPS in characterization compared with elective TIPS. Difference was observed between the groups of patients undergoing emergency TIPS in characterizing compared to elective TIPS in early mortality rate, death is higher in emergency TIPS. Regarding the classification of Child-Pugh and MELD higher overall mortality was observed in patients early and Child-Pugh class C and MELD> 15, and shorter survival in this group of patients. Complications were similar to those described in the literature, but the percentage of occurrence of stent dysfunction (26,4%) was lower than in most studies the incidence of encephalopathy (58,3%) was higher.